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Background:
Diabetes mellitus (DM) refers to a group of common metabolic disorders that share the phenotype of hyperglycemia. Several distinct types of DM are caused by a complex interaction of genetics and environmental factors. Diabetes is a chronic disease that occurs either when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood glucose. Hyperglycemia, also called raised blood glucose or raised blood sugar, is a common effect of uncontrolled diabetes and over time leads to serious damage to many of the body's systems, especially the nerves and blood vessels. From all Diabetic patients, more than 95% of people with diabetes have type 2 diabetes.
Poor glycemic control is mostly attributed to poor education and follow up adherence. This problem has major personal health, social and economic impacts for the individual and for the society.
Objectives:
The objective of the study is to measure the magnitude of Medication Adherence among Type 2 Diabetes Patients and the factors associated with it.
Methods:
Institution based mixed-methods study employing cross sectional study design supplemented/complemented by qualitative in-depth interviews was conducted. Data was collected from patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, who came to the St. Paul’s hospital millennium medical college for treatment or follow-up using standard structure questionnaire and semi-structured interview guide for the qualitative component. For data entry google form was used and analysis conducted using SPSS software. Descriptive and logistic regression were performed for magnitude and factors associated with adherence. Qualitative data was analyzed thematically.
Result
A total of 335 patients were involved in the quantitative and 8 patients for the qualitative study among type 2 diabetic patients who had follow up at St. Paul’s Hospital millennium medical college diabetic clinic, with an age range from 18-84, 85.1% (95% CI) of patients reported good medication adherence and 14.9% of patients were assessed as non-adherent to their medication. Facing pressure from society is significantly associated with medication adherence (AOR=3.355; 95%CI:(1.379-8.166); P=0.008) after controlling potential confounders}. Complications of type 2 DM is marginally associated with treatment adherence with 10% level of significance (AOR=2.029; 95%CI: (0.921-4.467); P=0.078)).
Conclusion
Medication adherence in type 2 diabetic patients is low due to several reasons, the main ones being psycho social factors mainly. Addressing adherence challenges is essential for better diabetes management and prevention of complications. Healthcare professionals should focus on patient-centered strategies to improve adherence and outcomes. Hence patient care needs to be individualized to achieve better adherence levels. The facilitating factors mainly consist of good family and social support and good awareness levels about the disease and the medication. |
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