Neonatal mortality is the issue of local, regional, national, continental and global. For example, it is observed in both middle- and low-income countries, especially sub-Saharan Africa including Ethiopia. Neonatal death is multi factorial, but the most important single causes of neonatal deaths were accounted for preterm birth, birth asphyxia, and sepsis. Effective resuscitation, if done timely, can drastically reduce neonatal deaths.